Health trends and variation in England, 2025: A Chief Medical Officer report

This report provides a snapshot on health in England and, where relevant, the wider United Kingdom. It shows major trends over time, many of which are likely to continue for the foreseeable future, which is important for planning NHS and public health work. It also highlights the very substantial variation in good and poor health over geography, socioeconomic status, gender, age and ethnicity.

Some of the trends are longstanding and predictable, such as the changing age structure of the population, and the improvements in health following substantially reduced smoking prevalence and outdoor air pollution.

The full document can be viewed here.